Indlela ye-antenna ye-lens ye-Longbo nokusetshenziswa kwayo ohlelweni lokuxhumana lwe-5G

I-Luneburg Lens iyilensi ye-dielectric eyindilinga enomumo wokwehla kwe-refractive index, eyethulwa nguRudolf Karl Luneburg ngo-1944.

Isakhiwo esiyinhloko kanye nomumo we-refractive index

• Isimo: Kuyisibhakabhaka esiphelele, nezinga/izinto zokwakha ezihambisana ngokuphelele eduze nendawo emaphakathi yesibhakabhaka.

• I-refractive index: I-radial gradient, yehla kancane ukusuka enkabeni kuya phezulu kwesibhakabhaka.

Ifomula ekahle: n(r) = √(2−(r/R)²)

◦ r: Ibanga ukusuka enkabeni yesibhakabhaka; R: Ububanzi besibhakabhaka; n(R)=1 (ihambisana nomoya).

• Isakhiwo esilinganayo: sifana no-anyanisi, anezindandatho eziningi ze-dielectric, ngayinye inezinga elihlukile le-dielectric, okwenza ukuthi kube nokuhlukana okuguquguqukayo.

Indlela yokusebenza (indlela yokukhanya ebuyela emuva)

Imodi yokudlulisa: Igagasi eliyindilinga likhishwa kumthombo wokudla endaweni ethile esihlahleni, futhi liyaphuka ilensi libe igagasi eliyindiza elihambisanayo (isibhamu esincane esinamandla aphezulu).

Imodi yokwamukela: Amagagasi ezindiza ezenzekayo avela kunoma iyiphi indawo aqondiswa ilensi futhi agxiliswa ngokunembile kumaphuzu ahambelanayo ebusweni obuyindilinga.

Izici eziyinhloko: ukugxilisa okungazungezi, ukuzimela kwamabhithi amaningi, ukungaphazamiseki, inzuzo ephezulu, i-sidelobe ephansi.

II. Isicelo ohlelweni lokuxhumana lwe-5G

I-5G idinga inzuzo ephezulu, amabhithi amaningi, ukumbozwa okubanzi, umthamo omkhulu, ukuphazamiseka okuphansi, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko, nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, futhi ilensi ye-Longbo ihlangabezana kahle nalezi zidingo.

Ukumbozwa kweziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G ezinkulu/ezincane

• Umgqomo omfishane onenzuzo ephezulu: Unenzuzo ephezulu, ukumboza okude, nokungena okunamandla kune-antenna yamaphaneli yakudala.

• Ukumbozwa okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa: Imithombo eminingi yokudla ihlelwe ebusweni obuyindilinga ukwakha imigqomo eminingi ezimele, engaphazamisani, okuphinda kabili umthamo.

• Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinsiza zophahla: I-antenna eyodwa isekela izikhathi eziningi/izindinganiso eziningi (2G/3G/4G/5G), kunciphisa inani lama-antenna nokonga isikhala.

Izicelo zezimo ezijwayelekile ze-5G

• Izitimela ezisheshayo/imigwaqo emikhulu/imihume/amabhuloho (ukumbozwa okuncane nokude)

◦ Isibhamu esincane + amandla aphezulu, ukumbozwa okuqhubekayo kude, kunciphisa inani leziteshi eziyisisekelo.

◦ Icala: I-Mudanjiang-Jiamusi High-Speed Railway izuza ukumbozwa okuphelele kwe-5G, kunciphisa iziteshi eziyisisekelo ezingu-195 futhi kulondolozwe cishe izigidi ezingu-92 zama-yuan ezindlekweni eminyakeni eyi-10.

• Izimo ezinokuminyana okuphezulu (ikampasi/indawo yomcimbi/indawo yokuhlala)

◦ Ukumbozwa okunembayo okunemisebe eminingi kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-co-channel futhi kuthuthukisa amandla kanye nesipiliyoni somsebenzisi.

◦ Kusekela i-Massive MIMO futhi kusebenza ngokubambisana nobuchwepheshe be-5G air interface.

• I-Millimeter-wave 5G (24G/28G/39G, njll.)

◦ Ngenxa yokulahleka okukhulu komzila kwamagagasi e-millimeter, ilensi ye-Longbo inikeza inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu ukukhokhela ukulahleka nokuthuthukisa ukumbozwa.

◦ Kusekela ukuskena komsebe we-wide-angle (kufika ku-146°), okuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokumbozwa eziguquguqukayo ze-millimeter wave.

• Ukumbozwa okude kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle/ezikude

◦ Ngokumbozwa okungafika ku-75km, kuxazulula inkinga yokumbozwa ezindaweni zasolwandle/ezifundeni ezikude.

• Ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo/indawo yesikhashana

◦ Ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha, amandla amaningi emisebe eminingi, ahlangabezana nezidingo zezimo eziphakeme zokuncintisana njengemikhosi yomculo kanye nemicimbi.

Inani eliyinhloko (ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-5G)

• Ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle: Nciphisa inani leziteshi eziyisisekelo futhi wehlise izindleko zokufaka/zokugcinwa.

• Ukuthuthukisa umthamo: Ngokufana kwamabhithi amaningi, umthamo uthuthukiswa izikhathi eziningana.

• Ukuthuthukisa ukumbozwa: Ibanga elide, ukungena okujulile, nokumbozwa okuqhubekayo.

• Ukuvinjelwa kokuphazamiseka: umgqomo omfishane + ukuvalwa okuphezulu, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komzila ofanayo/omzila oseduze.

• Ukuhambisana kwezikhathi eziningi: Kusekela i-Sub-6G + mmWave, kuhlanganisa ne-5G egcwele.

III. Isifinyezo

I-antenna ye-Longbo lens, eyenza ukugxila okungazelelwe, imigqomo eminingi, kanye nenzuzo ephezulu ngokusebenzisa i-spherical gradient refractive index, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokumboza kwe-5G/umthamo/ukonga izindleko futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi ngesikali esikhulu.